Is Jesus Christ still human?

Thanks to the fame and influence of the christological controversies, debates, and councils, most of us willing to be labeled "orthodox" in our understanding of the nature of Christ have long believed that in addition to being fully God, Jesus Christ was fully human. It is relatively easy to stoning of stephenestablish that he had flesh and bones, got tired, got hungry, was thirsty, etc., because of the Gospel Accounts the apostles and their associates have left to us. Nor is it hard to establish from the biblical record that Christ was raised bodily. But many Christians have not thought through what happened after the ascension.

Were Christ's appearances after His resurrection only accommodations to the expectations and assumptions of the eyewitnesses? Did He discard the human manifestation once the "cloud received Him from their sight"?

I believe that the Bible speaks clearly that Jesus remains a human being forever. Here is a short summary of the evidence:

  1. He is called a man after the ascension. There is one mediator between God and man, the man Jesus Christ (1 Tim. 2:5). At his martyrdom, Stephen sees Jesus standing at the Father's right hand, and declares that he sees the Son of Man, later addressing Him, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit" (Acts 7:55,56,59).
  2. Jesus presently stands in relationship to us as our older brother. Heb. 2:11-18 says that Jesus is of the same family as we are, that He is unashamed to be called our brother, that he shared in our humanity, that He had to be made like His brothers in every way, and that all of this was necessary to qualify Him as our merciful and faithful high priest.
  3. The final resurrection affirms the ongoing humanity of Christ. Our lowly bodies will become like His glorious body (Phil. 3:20-21). We bear the likeness of the Last Adam (1 Cor. 15:49).

A few questions remain. If He still has a human body, albeit a transformed, incorruptible, immortal, and glorious one, does that mean He must set aside at least one of the qualities of deity, namely omnipresence? We know His famous promise accompanying the Great Commission: "I will be with you always, even to the end of the age" (Matt. 28:20). Apparently, being embodied "in the heavenlies" does not prevent His presence anywhere in the physical realm.

One inference we might draw from the phrase "in the days of his flesh" (Heb. 5:7) is that after His resurrection or after His ascension, He is no longer "in the flesh." That is true, if we define flesh as the corruptible, mortal body that is still susceptible to temptation (see 1 John 2:16 James 1:14-15). He died to sin and is free from its pull (Rom. 6:7). His weak, contemptible, corruptible, mortal flesh has undergone a transformation into a powerful, glorious, incorruptible, and immortal body--the same transformation that He promises will be ours. His body is transformed, to be sure, but it is still human.

Want to go deeper?

Here are links to some of the discussions of Christ's ongoing humanity for your deeper study.

  • F. F. Bruce – "The Humanity of Jesus Christ," Journal of the Christian Brethren Research Fellowship 24 (1973): 5-15. (See especially part II.)
  • Oliver Crisp – p. 137 in his book, Divinity and humanity: the incarnation reconsidered, Current Issues in Theology, no. 5 (New York: Cambridge U., 2007).
  • David Mathis:
  • R. A. Torrey – "The Human Nature of Jesus Christ," Chapter 150 of What the Bible Teaches.
  • Wayne A. Grudem – "Jesus Will Be a Man Forever," pp. 542-543 in his book, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995).
Copyright ©2010 by Steve Singleton